#! /bin/bash
# array-assign.bash

# Array operations are Bash specific,
#+ hence the ".bash" in the script name.

# Copyright (c) Michael S. Zick, 2003, All rights reserved.
# License: Unrestricted reuse in any form, for any purpose.
# Version: $ID$
#
# Clarification and additional comments by William Park.

# Based on an example provided by Stephane Chazelas
#+ which appeared in the book: Advanced Bash Scripting Guide.

# Output format of the 'times' command:
# User CPU <space> System CPU
# User CPU of dead children <space> System CPU of dead children

# Bash has two versions of assigning all elements of an array
#+ to a new array variable.
# Both drop 'null reference' elements
#+ in Bash versions 2.04, 2.05a and 2.05b.
# An additional array assignment that maintains the relationship of
#+ [subscript]=value for arrays may be added to newer versions.

# Constructs a large array using an internal command,
#+ but anything creating an array of several thousand elements
#+ will do just fine.

declare -a bigOne=( /dev/* )
echo
echo 'Conditions: Unquoted, default IFS, All-Elements-Of'
echo "Number of elements in array is ${#bigOne[@]}"

# set -vx



echo
echo '- - testing: =( ${array[@]} ) - -'
times
declare -a bigTwo=( ${bigOne[@]} )
# ^ ^
times

echo
echo '- - testing: =${array[@]} - -'
times
declare -a bigThree=${bigOne[@]}
# No parentheses this time.
times

# Comparing the numbers shows that the second form, pointed out
#+ by Stephane Chazelas, is from three to four times faster.
#
# William Park explains:
#+ Second method is assigning bigOne[] as single string, whereas first
#+ method is assigning bigOne[] element by element. So, in essence, you
# So, in essence, you have:
# bigTwo=( [0]="... ... ..." )
# bigThree=( [0]="..." [1]="..." [2]="..." ... )


# I will continue to use the first form in my example descriptions
#+ because I think it is a better illustration of what is happening.

# The reusable portions of my examples will actual contain
#+ the second form where appropriate because of the speedup.

# MSZ: Sorry about that earlier oversight folks.


# Note:
# ----
# The "declare -a" statements in lines 31 and 43
#+ are not strictly necessary, since it is implicit
#+ in the Array=( ... ) assignment form.
# However, eliminating these declarations slows down
#+ the execution of the following sections of the script.
# Try it, and see what happens.

exit 0